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BODY CONTOURING

Body Contouring in Houston

Fat, muscle, skin, cellulite and post-GLP-1 contouring: what each treatment is FDA-cleared for and what the published studies show.

Avg. Cost
This site does not publish a Houston price range for body contouring
Downtime
None for cryolipolysis; most Avéli study patients resumed normal activities within a week
Results Last
Fat cells cleared over 4 to 6 months (cryolipolysis); Avéli results shown through 1 year
Appointment
About 25 minutes to an hour for non-invasive fat reduction (device-dependent)

Overview

Body contouring: fat, muscle, skin, and cellulite

Body contouring covers several different problems: fat, muscle tone, loose skin, cellulite, and excess skin after weight loss. Each treatment is FDA-cleared or approved for specific uses, and none covers all of them. CoolSculpting and SculpSure are cleared to break down fat in listed body areas (FDA 510(k) K233732) (FDA 510(k) K182741). Emsculpt Neo is cleared to break down fat and reduce circumference of the abdomen (FDA 510(k) K192224). Morpheus8 is cleared for procedures that need coagulation or contraction of soft tissue (FDA 510(k) K231790). Avéli is cleared to reduce the appearance of cellulite on the buttocks and thighs of adult women (FDA 510(k) K221336). A tummy tuck removes excess skin and fat and, in most cases, repairs weakened or separated abdominal muscles (ASPS).

The first question to settle at a consultation is whether the main concern is fat, muscle, loose skin, cellulite, or excess skin. ASPS states that people with loose skin or poor tone may not be suitable candidates for cryolipolysis (ASPS).

Three developments matter for anyone considering body contouring now. Weight loss on GLP-1 medications includes some lean mass: in a SURMOUNT-1 substudy, about 25% of the weight lost on tirzepatide was lean mass, the same share as with placebo (Look et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2025). Published rates of paradoxical adipose hyperplasia after cryolipolysis are higher than the first published estimate (Mah et al., Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum, 2025). And the FDA has issued safety communications on Renuvion/J-Plasma (FDA) and on RF microneedling (FDA).

AttributeRange
Cost (Houston)This site does not publish a Houston price range for body contouring
Procedure timeAbout an hour for cryolipolysis (ASPS); 25 minutes for a 1060 nm laser treatment in a published study (Kislevitz et al., 2021)
DowntimeNo activity restrictions after cryolipolysis (ASPS); 73.5% of Avéli study patients returned to normal activities within a week (FDA 510(k) K221336)
Results timingTreated fat cells cleared over 4 to 6 months after cryolipolysis (ASPS); Avéli benefits shown through one year (FDA 510(k) K221336)

Mechanism

How non-invasive fat reduction works

The devices use cold, heat, or heat combined with muscle stimulation.

Cold (cryolipolysis). CoolSculpting Elite cools the treated area to a target temperature down to -11 °C (FDA 510(k) K233732). The injured fat cells are eliminated by the body over four to six months (ASPS).

Laser. SculpSure uses 1060 nm laser energy (FDA 510(k) K182741).

Radiofrequency. truSculpt heats tissue with radiofrequency energy; in its FDA submission, the applicator kept skin-surface temperature at 40 to 45 °C (FDA 510(k) K223110).

Radiofrequency plus muscle stimulation. Emsculpt Neo combines radiofrequency heating, with a therapy temperature of 40 to 43 °C in its FDA submission, with muscle stimulation (FDA 510(k) K192224).

ASPS reports an average fat reduction of about 20 percent in a cryolipolysis-treated area (ASPS). None of these treatments is a weight-loss method, and ASPS states that none replace liposuction (ASPS). CoolSculpting and SculpSure body-area clearances are for people with a BMI of 30 or less (FDA 510(k) K233732) (FDA 510(k) K182741).

Fat Devices

Fat reduction devices compared

CoolSculpting Elite — cryolipolysis

CoolSculpting Elite is FDA-cleared for cold-assisted lipolysis of the upper arm, bra fat, back fat, banana roll, thigh, abdomen and flank in people with a BMI of 30 or less, and of the submental and submandibular areas (under the chin and jaw) in people with a BMI up to 46.2 (FDA 510(k) K233732). ASPS describes an hour-long treatment, an average fat reduction of about 20 percent, and a risk of surface irregularities and asymmetry (ASPS). People with cryoglobulinemia, cold urticaria or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria should not have cryolipolysis (ASPS).

Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) is a firm, enlarged fat area that develops in a treated spot instead of shrinking. Published rates vary:

ASPS states PAH is three times more likely in men than in women and is seen more often in people of Hispanic or Latino descent (ASPS); the 2025 meta-analysis found no statistically significant difference by sex (Mah et al., 2025). The 2014 report found no evidence that PAH resolves on its own (Jalian et al., 2014). In a 2018 case series of 11 patients, 7 were treated surgically (six with liposuction, one with liposuction and abdominoplasty), with treatment delayed until the area softened, normally 6 to 9 months after cryolipolysis; three of the liposuction patients needed a second procedure (Kelly et al., Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018). Ask your provider to explain PAH before you consent.

SculpSure — 1060 nm laser

SculpSure is FDA-cleared for non-invasive lipolysis of the abdomen, flanks, back and thighs in people with a BMI of 30 or less, and of the submental area in people with a BMI of 49 or less (FDA 510(k) K182741). In a single-arm study of a 1060 nm diode laser on the abdomen, one 25-minute treatment produced an 8.55% ultrasound-measured fat reduction at 12 weeks in 29 patients (Kislevitz et al., Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 2021).

truSculpt — radiofrequency

truSculpt is FDA-cleared, at its 2 MHz setting with the 40 cm² handpiece, for non-invasive lipolysis and circumference reduction of the abdomen (FDA 510(k) K223110).

Kybella — deoxycholic acid injection

Kybella is FDA-approved to improve the appearance of moderate to severe fullness from fat under the chin in adults (Kybella prescribing information). A treatment is up to 50 small injections, and up to 6 treatments may be given at least 1 month apart (Kybella prescribing information). It was studied in two placebo-controlled trials, with 513 patients treated with Kybella and 506 with placebo (Kybella prescribing information).

Use outside the chin area is not approved. The label states that Kybella is not approved for fat outside the submental region and that such use is not recommended. Serious reactions have been reported after use outside the chin area, including blurred or reduced vision with use near the eyes, and muscle or nerve injury (Kybella prescribing information). If a provider offers Kybella for another area, ask them to explain this.

In the trials, marginal mandibular nerve injury, which causes an uneven smile, occurred in 4% of Kybella-treated patients; all cases resolved without treatment (range 1 to 298 days, median 44 days). Difficulty swallowing occurred in 2% (Kybella prescribing information). The label also lists injection-site ulceration, necrosis, nodules, masses and infection (Kybella prescribing information).

This site does not publish a Houston price range for any of these treatments.

Muscle

Muscle toning: Emsculpt Neo and HIFEM

Emsculpt Neo is FDA-cleared for non-invasive lipolysis and circumference reduction of the abdomen (FDA 510(k) K192224). Its clearance study enrolled 42 people with a BMI of 35 or less. At three months it reported a 3.2 cm average reduction in abdominal circumference and a 29.8% average fat reduction on ultrasound. It was a single-arm study with no control group (FDA 510(k) K192224). BMI of 35 or less was a study entry criterion; it is not part of the cleared indication.

An earlier MRI study of the original Emsculpt (muscle stimulation without radiofrequency) in 22 patients reported, two months after four treatments, an 18.6% reduction in fat thickness, a 15.4% increase in rectus abdominis thickness and a 10.4% reduction in abdominal muscle separation (Kinney and Lozanova, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2019).

A 2023 systematic review found 15 clinical studies of Emsculpt and Emsculpt Neo, only two of them on Emsculpt Neo. For the abdomen, mean reductions were 5.5 mm in fat thickness, with a 2 mm increase in muscle thickness and 3.0 mm improvement in muscle separation; two studies reported marginal or no benefit, and no study reported weight change (Kohan et al., Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2023).

Skin

Skin tightening and minimally invasive body contouring

Energy devices heat tissue so it contracts. They do not remove skin. Excess skin is removed surgically, for example with a tummy tuck (ASPS).

Morpheus8 — fractional radiofrequency microneedling

Morpheus8 delivers radiofrequency energy into the skin through an array of pins, and is FDA-cleared for dermatologic procedures that need coagulation or contraction of soft tissue or hemostasis (FDA 510(k) K231790). On October 15, 2025, the FDA issued a safety communication on RF microneedling, stating it is aware of reports of burns, scarring, fat loss, disfigurement and nerve damage, some requiring surgical repair or medical treatment (FDA).

BodyTite — radiofrequency-assisted liposuction

The FDA 510(k) database has no record under the name BodyTite. Ask the provider for the device’s 510(k) number and its cleared use.

Renuvion / J-Plasma — helium plasma with radiofrequency

In March 2022, the FDA warned against using Renuvion/J-Plasma for dermal resurfacing and skin contraction; at that time, the device had not been determined to be safe or effective for any aesthetic skin procedure. The FDA updated that communication on May 10, 2023, after later, narrower clearances (FDA):

  • The Renuvion Dermal Handpiece is cleared for moderate to severe wrinkles in Fitzpatrick skin types I to III (FDA).
  • The Renuvion APR Handpiece is cleared to improve lax skin of the neck and under the chin, and for coagulation of subcutaneous tissue after liposuction for body contouring (FDA 510(k) K230272).

Ask whether your treatment area falls within one of these cleared uses.

Cellulite

Cellulite treatments

Avéli. Avéli is a handheld instrument inserted through a small incision that releases the fibrous bands (septa) beneath cellulite dimples (FDA 510(k) K221336). It is FDA-cleared for long-term reduction in the appearance of cellulite on the buttocks and thighs of adult women, based on data showing benefits through one year. In the pivotal study, 74 women had a single treatment. The study met its primary goal, a mean improvement of more than 1 point on the Cellulite Severity Scale at 3 months, and results held at 6 and 12 months. The most common side effects were bruising (86.8%), tenderness (51.5%), pain (38.2%), firmness (36.8%) and numbness (17.6%) (FDA 510(k) K221336).

truSculpt massage device. It is FDA-cleared for a temporary reduction in the appearance of cellulite (FDA 510(k) K223110).

Qwo. Endo announced on December 6, 2022, that it would stop producing and selling Qwo, an injectable cellulite treatment, citing concerns about bruising and possible prolonged skin discoloration (Endo International, SEC filing).

ASPS states that liposuction is not an effective treatment for cellulite (ASPS).

GLP-1

Body contouring after GLP-1 weight loss

Weight loss on GLP-1 medications includes fat and some lean mass. In a SURMOUNT-1 substudy of 160 participants, those on tirzepatide lost 21.3% of body weight, 33.9% of fat mass and 10.9% of lean mass over 72 weeks; about 25% of the weight lost was lean mass, the same share as with placebo (Look et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2025).

After large weight loss, the main question is how much loose skin remains:

  • ASPS states that people with loose skin or poor tone may not be suitable candidates for cryolipolysis (ASPS).
  • Energy devices such as Morpheus8 are cleared for soft-tissue coagulation or contraction (FDA 510(k) K231790), but they do not remove skin.
  • ASPS states that skin that is soft and thin from weight loss will not reshape as well after liposuction, and more surgery may be needed to remove extra skin (ASPS).
  • A tummy tuck removes excess skin and fat; ASPS advises postponing it if you plan further substantial weight loss (ASPS).

If you take a GLP-1 medication, tell the provider before any procedure, and ask whether it changes the plan.

Surgical Decision

When to consider surgical options

A consultation exam decides this. The main factors are loose skin, muscle separation, and weight:

  • Liposuction surgically removes excess fat from specific areas. ASPS states that it works for people of normal weight who have some extra fat, that firm, elastic skin gives better results, and that it is not a treatment for obesity or a substitute for diet and exercise (ASPS).
  • Tummy tuck (abdominoplasty) removes excess skin and fat and, in most cases, repairs weakened or separated abdominal muscles. It does not remove stretch marks and is not a substitute for weight loss. ASPS advises postponing it if you plan substantial weight loss or a future pregnancy (ASPS).
  • Non-surgical fat reduction treats a specific fat bulge; ASPS states that none of these treatments replace liposuction (ASPS).

For surgery, ask the surgeon about board certification and check their Texas license on the Texas Medical Board’s Look Up a License page.

What to Expect

Consultation, treatment, recovery

Consultation. Expect questions about your medical history, including GLP-1 medications, pregnancy or breastfeeding, cold-related conditions (for cryolipolysis), and swallowing problems or bleeding problems (for Kybella) (ASPS) (Kybella prescribing information). The provider should examine whether the concern is fat, muscle, loose skin or cellulite.

Treatment and recovery. The timeline below uses the figures published for each treatment. Ask the provider for the plan and follow-up dates for your treatment.

  1. Day of treatment

    Cryolipolysis: about an hour per treatment, with no activity restrictions afterward (ASPS). Kybella: up to 50 small injections under the chin (Kybella prescribing information). Avéli: a single treatment through a small incision (FDA 510(k) K221336).

  2. First weeks

    Cryolipolysis: some patients feel sore, as after a workout (ASPS). Kybella: swelling, bruising, pain and numbness are common (Kybella prescribing information). Avéli: 73.5% of study patients returned to normal activities within a week; bruising lasted a median of 27 days (FDA 510(k) K221336).

  3. Months 1–3

    Kybella: further treatments, if needed, at least 1 month apart (Kybella prescribing information). Emsculpt Neo: the clearance study measured results 1, 2 and 3 months after the last treatment (FDA 510(k) K192224). Avéli: the study's primary result was assessed at 3 months (FDA 510(k) K221336).

  4. Months 4–6

    Cryolipolysis: treated fat cells are eliminated over four to six months (ASPS). If a treated area grows firmer and larger instead of shrinking, ask the provider to check for paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (Jalian et al., 2014).

  5. One year

    Avéli: the pivotal study showed results through one year (FDA 510(k) K221336).

Houston Pricing

Houston pricing

This site does not publish a Houston price range for body contouring. Prices depend on the device, the number of areas, and the number of sessions. Ask for the total cost in writing, including any required packages, follow-up visits, and the policy for touch-ups or complications.

Combinations

How body contouring combines with other treatments

Treatments are often combined because they act on different things: fat, muscle, or skin. Ask the provider why each treatment is in the plan, the order and spacing, and what each one is FDA-cleared for. Related pages: RF microneedling, dermal fillers, and wellness and HRT.

Texas Law

How to choose a provider in Houston

Texas rules. The Texas Medical Board’s rules for delegated non-surgical medical cosmetic procedures are in 22 TAC Chapter 169, Subchapter E, effective January 9, 2025 (Texas Medical Board). They require:

  • Before a delegated procedure, a physician, or a PA or APRN acting under the physician’s delegation, must establish a practitioner-patient relationship with the patient (often called a good faith exam) (22 TAC §169.26).
  • A physician, PA or APRN must either be onsite during the procedure or be immediately available for emergency consultation if there is an adverse outcome (22 TAC §169.26).
  • The delegation requires a written order that identifies the delegating physician and includes patient screening criteria, a description of appropriate care, and procedures for complications and emergencies (22 TAC §169.27). The person performing the procedure must also sign and date a written protocol (22 TAC §169.26).
  • The delegating physician’s name and Texas license number must be posted in each public area and treatment room (22 TAC §169.28).

Questions to ask:

  • Who is the delegating physician, and who performs the procedure?
  • Is the device a genuine, current model from the manufacturer? In one multicenter study, PAH rates fell by over 75% after newer CoolSculpting models were introduced (Nikolis and Enright, 2021).
  • Is my treatment area within the device’s FDA-cleared use?
  • For CoolSculpting, how do you explain the risk of PAH, and how is it treated if it happens?
  • What fat reduction should I expect, and how will you measure it? ASPS reports about 20 percent on average for cryolipolysis (ASPS).
  • What is the total cost, and what is your policy for revisions and complications?

Credential checks:

Areas

Areas treated

Treatment Areas

Areas treated

Abdomen and flanks Inner and outer thighs Upper arms Back and bra fat Banana roll (below buttocks) Buttocks Submental (double chin) Cellulite on thighs and buttocks Post-pregnancy skin laxity Post-weight-loss skin redundancy

Frequently asked questions

What's the difference between fat reduction and skin tightening?

Fat reduction devices break down fat cells in a treated area. CoolSculpting (cold) (FDA 510(k) K233732), SculpSure (laser) (FDA 510(k) K182741), truSculpt iD (radiofrequency, abdomen) (FDA 510(k) K223110) and Emsculpt Neo (abdomen) (FDA 510(k) K192224) are FDA-cleared for non-invasive lipolysis, the breakdown of fat. Skin tightening treatments heat tissue so it contracts. Morpheus8 is cleared for dermatologic procedures that need coagulation or contraction of soft tissue (FDA 510(k) K231790). Renuvion is cleared to improve lax skin of the neck and under the chin, and for use after liposuction in body contouring (FDA 510(k) K230272). Large amounts of loose skin are removed surgically, for example with a tummy tuck, which removes excess skin and fat (ASPS).

Will body contouring help me lose weight?

No. Non-surgical fat reduction treats a specific fat bulge, not overall body weight. ASPS reports an average fat reduction of about 20 percent in a cryolipolysis-treated area (ASPS) and states that none of these treatments replace liposuction (ASPS). CoolSculpting and SculpSure are FDA-cleared for body areas in people with a BMI of 30 or less (FDA 510(k) K233732) (FDA 510(k) K182741). Surgery is not a weight-loss method either: ASPS states a tummy tuck is not a substitute for weight loss and that people planning substantial weight loss should postpone it (ASPS).

How common is paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) after CoolSculpting, and who is at higher risk?

PAH is a firm, enlarged fat area that develops in a treated spot instead of shrinking. It is uncommon, and published rates vary. The first report estimated 0.0051% (Jalian et al., JAMA Dermatology, 2014). A 2025 meta-analysis of 28 studies found 29 cases in 13,078 patients, a pooled rate of 0.22% (about 1 in 455), with low-certainty evidence (Mah et al., Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum, 2025). Allergan reports about 1 in 3,000 treatments (0.033%) (Allergan Aesthetics). ASPS states it occurs in less than 1 percent of patients, is three times more likely in men than women and is seen more often in people of Hispanic or Latino descent (ASPS). In a 2018 case series, PAH did not resolve on its own; it was treated with liposuction, sometimes with abdominoplasty, and some patients needed a second procedure (Kelly et al., Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018). Ask your provider to explain PAH before you consent.

I lost weight on a GLP-1 medication. What body contouring options fit my situation?

It depends mainly on how much loose skin you have. ASPS states that people with loose skin or poor tone may not be suitable candidates for cryolipolysis (ASPS). Energy devices such as Morpheus8 are cleared for soft-tissue coagulation or contraction (FDA 510(k) K231790), but they do not remove skin. A tummy tuck removes excess skin and fat and, in most cases, repairs weakened or separated muscles (ASPS). GLP-1 weight loss includes some muscle: in a SURMOUNT-1 substudy, about 25% of the weight lost on tirzepatide was lean mass, the same proportion as with placebo (Look et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2025). ASPS advises postponing a tummy tuck if you plan further substantial weight loss (ASPS).

How do I know if I need surgery instead of non-invasive body contouring?

A consultation exam decides this, but the main factors are loose skin and muscle separation. ASPS states that people with loose skin or poor tone may not be suitable candidates for cryolipolysis (ASPS). A tummy tuck removes excess skin and fat and, in most cases, restores weakened or separated abdominal muscles (ASPS). It does not remove stretch marks, and ASPS advises postponing it if you plan substantial weight loss or a future pregnancy (ASPS).

How many sessions will I need and when will I see results?

It varies by device and by area, and your provider sets the plan. CoolSculpting: ASPS states treated fat cells are cleared over four to six months, and some patients retreat an area (ASPS). Emsculpt / Emsculpt Neo: in published studies the typical protocol was four treatments over two to four weeks (range three to eight) (Kohan et al., Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2023). Avéli: the pivotal study used a single treatment, with benefits shown through one year (FDA 510(k) K221336). For other devices, ask the provider for the session count and the follow-up date at which results are assessed.

What does the evidence show for Emsculpt Neo?

The evidence is limited. A 2023 systematic review found 15 clinical studies of Emsculpt and Emsculpt Neo, only two of them on Emsculpt Neo. For the abdomen, mean reductions were 5.5 mm in fat thickness, with a 2 mm increase in muscle thickness; two studies reported marginal or no benefit, and no study reported weight change (Kohan et al., Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2023). The manufacturer's FDA clearance study of 42 people reported a 3.2 cm average reduction in abdominal circumference and a 29.8% average fat reduction on ultrasound at three months (FDA 510(k) K192224). That was a single-arm study with no control group (FDA 510(k) K192224). Ask the provider which results they expect for your area and how they will measure them.

Can I combine body contouring treatments?

Often, yes, because the treatments act on different things: fat, muscle, or skin. Ask the provider why each treatment is in the plan, the order and spacing, and what each one is cleared for. Some examples of cleared uses: CoolSculpting for fat bulges in listed body areas and under the chin (FDA 510(k) K233732); Kybella injections for fullness from fat under the chin only (Kybella prescribing information); Avéli for cellulite on the buttocks and thighs of adult women (FDA 510(k) K221336).

What should I ask a Houston provider before booking body contouring?

Useful questions: (1) Who is the delegating physician? Texas requires the physician's name and Texas license number to be posted in each public area and treatment room (22 TAC §169.28). (2) For CoolSculpting, how do you explain the risk of paradoxical adipose hyperplasia, and how is it treated if it happens? (3) Is the device a genuine, current model from the manufacturer? (4) Who performs the procedure, and what training do they have? (5) Is my treatment area within the device's FDA-cleared use? For example, Renuvion is cleared to improve lax skin of the neck and under the chin (FDA 510(k) K230272). (6) What is the total cost, including any required packages? (7) What is your policy for revisions and complications?

Can I do body contouring while pregnant or breastfeeding?

No. ASPS states that people who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not have non-surgical fat reduction procedures (ASPS). For Kybella, the FDA label states there are no adequate studies in pregnant women and no information on whether it passes into breast milk (Kybella prescribing information). ASPS advises women who may plan future pregnancies to postpone a tummy tuck (ASPS). Ask your provider when to schedule treatment after you finish breastfeeding.

Medical disclaimer. This content is for informational and educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Body contouring spans non-invasive devices, minimally invasive procedures and surgery, each with different risks. Published rates of paradoxical adipose hyperplasia after cryolipolysis range from 0.0051% (Jalian, 2014) to 0.47% in one practice (Singh, 2015); a 2025 meta-analysis pooled 0.22%. In March 2022 the FDA warned against using Renuvion/J-Plasma for dermal resurfacing and skin contraction, and updated that communication on May 10, 2023. Non-invasive devices do not remove loose skin. Check the delegating physician's Texas license before any procedure. MedSpas of Houston is a directory service and does not provide medical treatment, endorse specific treatments, or guarantee outcomes.

References
  1. [1] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K233732 — CoolSculpting Elite System (ZELTIQ Aesthetics), September 12, 2024. Body areas for BMI 30 or less; submental and submandibular areas up to BMI 46.2; target temperature down to -11 °C.
  2. [2] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K182741 — SculpSure (Cynosure), January 3, 2019. Abdomen, flanks, back and thighs for BMI 30 or less; submental area for BMI 49 or less; 1060 nm.
  3. [3] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K223110 — truSculpt (Cutera), November 3, 2022. Abdominal lipolysis and circumference reduction; temporary reduction in the appearance of cellulite (massage device).
  4. [4] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K192224 — BTL-899 (Emsculpt Neo, BTL Industries), December 5, 2019. Abdominal lipolysis and circumference reduction; single-arm study of 42 patients.
  5. [5] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K231790 — InMode System with Morpheus8 Applicators, July 20, 2023.
  6. [6] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K230272 — Renuvion APR Handpiece (Apyx Medical), 2023.
  7. [7] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K221336 — Avéli (Revelle Aesthetics), August 5, 2022. Indication extended to benefits through one year.
  8. [8] KYBELLA (deoxycholic acid) injection prescribing information. Allergan/AbbVie. Revised 09/2026.
  9. [9] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. UPDATE: Use of Renuvion/J-Plasma Device for Certain Aesthetic Procedures: FDA Safety Communication. May 10, 2023.
  10. [10] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Potential Risks with Certain Uses of Radiofrequency (RF) Microneedling: FDA Safety Communication. October 15, 2025.
  11. [11] Endo International plc. Endo to Cease Production and Sale of Qwo (collagenase clostridium histolyticum-aaes). Press release filed with the SEC (Form 8-K, Exhibit 99.1), December 6, 2022.
  12. [12] Jalian HR, Avram MM, Garibyan L, Mihm MC, Anderson RR. Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia after cryolipolysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150(3):317–319. Incidence 0.0051%.
  13. [13] Singh SM, Geddes ER, Boutrous SG, Galiano RD, Friedman PM. Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia secondary to cryolipolysis: an underreported entity? Lasers Surg Med. 2015;47(6):476–478. Practice incidence 0.47% (2 in 422 treatments).
  14. [14] Nikolis A, Enright KM. A Multicenter Evaluation of Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia Following Cryolipolysis for Fat Reduction and Body Contouring: A Review of 8658 Cycles in 2114 Patients. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(8):932–941. Incidence 0.05% to 0.39%.
  15. [15] Mah AE, Razeghi P, Li C, et al. Incidence of Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia After Cryolipolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum. 2025;7:ojaf142. Pooled incidence 0.22%.
  16. [16] Kelly ME, Rodríguez-Feliz J, Torres C, Kelly E. Treatment of Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia following Cryolipolysis: A Single-Center Experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;142(1):17e–22e.
  17. [17] Kislevitz M, Wamsley C, Kang A, et al. Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a 1060-nm Diode Laser for Non-Invasive Fat Reduction of the Abdomen. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(10):1155–1165. 8.55% ultrasound-measured reduction at 12 weeks.
  18. [18] Kinney BM, Lozanova P. High intensity focused electromagnetic therapy evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging: Safety and efficacy study of a dual tissue effect based non-invasive abdominal body shaping. Lasers Surg Med. 2019;51(1):40–46.
  19. [19] Kohan J, Vyas K, Erotocritou M, Khajuria A, Tehrani K. High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic (HIFEM) Energy With and Without Radiofrequency for Noninvasive Body Contouring: A Systematic Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2024;48(6):1156–1165 (epub 2023).
  20. [20] Look M, Dunn JP, Kushner RF, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025;27(5):2720–2729. n=160; lean mass −10.9%; about 25% of weight lost was lean mass with tirzepatide and with placebo.
  21. [21] American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Cryolipolysis.
  22. [22] American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Nonsurgical Fat Reduction.
  23. [23] American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Tummy Tuck.
  24. [24] American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Liposuction.
  25. [25] 22 Texas Administrative Code §169.26 — practitioner-patient relationship before a delegated procedure; physician, PA or APRN onsite or immediately available.
  26. [26] 22 Texas Administrative Code §169.27 — written order for delegated procedures.
  27. [27] 22 Texas Administrative Code §169.28 — posting of the delegating physician's name and Texas license number.
  28. [28] Texas Medical Board. Rule changes effective January 9, 2025.
  29. [29] Allergan Aesthetics. CoolSculpting FAQ. Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia about 1 in 3,000 treatments (0.033%).

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